We explain “closed-off” terms like WLTP and MTPLM in plain language, along with the O1-O2 difference, braked/unbraked, noseweight and ECE R55 notes. At the end, an 8-question Campexpert mini-quiz points you to the right class.
Quick Summary
WLTP is a lab test done without a trailer (no caravan attached); don’t expect the L/100km figures on the spec sheet to hold exactly while towing. Three conditions for a proper match: 1) Caravan MTPLM ≤ the vehicle’s braked towing limit, 2) Noseweight (vertical hitch load) limits, 3) GCW/GTW (total permitted combined mass of vehicle + caravan).
Glossary: Confusing Terms, Explained Simply
WLTP
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure: the official combined consumption/CO2 test measured in a lab. No caravan is attached; that’s why real-world consumption while towing is higher.
RDE (real driving emissions) tracks emissions in actual traffic; WLTP remains the reference figure for consumption comparisons.
MTPLM
Maximum Technically Permissible Laden Mass: the caravan’s maximum technical laden mass, including all load. Exceeding it is illegal and dangerous.
Payload = MTPLM – MIRO (unladen weight). Noseweight is part of this total.
Braked / Unbraked
Braked: the caravan has its own brake system (this is the figure used for O2). Unbraked: no brakes; generally in the 600-750 kg range.
Noseweight
The downward vertical force the caravan applies to the tow hitch. It should be positive for stability; don’t exceed the maximum allowed by either the vehicle or the caravan.
O1-O2 Classes
O1: ≤750 kg MTPLM. O2: 750-3500 kg MTPLM. Most travel trailers in Turkey fall in the O2 band (1.0-1.6 t).
GCW/GTW
Gross Combination/Train Weight: the permitted maximum for vehicle + caravan + all load combined. It’s listed on the registration/chassis plate.
ECE R55
The type approval for tow bars and mechanical couplings. R55 approval and correct installation are essential; it includes a breakaway cable/secondary safety device.
ISO 11446 (13-pin)
The 13-pin electrical standard between caravan and vehicle: combines lighting plus fridge/charging circuits into a single plug (replacing the old 7-pin).
The Basic Matching Equation
Caravan MTPLM ≤ the vehicle's braked towing limit, and Noseweight stays within both the vehicle’s and caravan’s limits, and GCW/GTW ≤ permitted. An ECE R55 tow bar and ISO 11446 (13-pin) wiring are recommended.
Example Model Tables (1.2-1.6 L – sold in Turkey / common on the used market)
*Combined WLTP figures are without a trailer and can vary by trim/tires/drivetrain. Towing limits can vary by version and country type-approval; the chassis plate/owner’s manual is the final reference.
| Make/Model (Engine) | Drivetrain | Braked (kg) | Unbraked (kg) | WLTP (L/100 km) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nissan Qashqai 1.3 DIG-T MHEV (140-158) | FWD / some vers. 4×4 | 1400-1800 | ~700-750 | approx. 6.2-7.1 | e-POWER: 750 kg; MHEV: higher towing limit |
| AWD Suzuki Vitara 1.4 Boosterjet MHEV | AllGrip AWD | 1200-1500 | ~600 | approx. 5.2-5.7 | Light & efficient; AWD adds confidence on launch |
| Skoda Karoq 1.5 TSI 150 | FWD (some packages 4×4) | 1500 (12% gradient) | ~700-750 | approx. 6.0-6.2 | Well-balanced with family caravans |
| Volkswagen Tiguan 1.5 eTSI 150 | FWD (4Motion on higher trims) | 1500-1800 | ~750 | approx. 5.9-6.3 | Used 1.4 TSI commonly rated approx. 1800 kg |
| Hyundai Tucson 1.6 T-GDi | FWD / 4×4 | approx. 1360-1650 | – | approx. 6.7-7.0 | Limit may be lower on hybrid/PHEV |
| Kia Sportage 1.6 (HEV/PHEV) | FWD / AWD | HEV AWD approx. 1650 – PHEV approx. 1350 | ~750 | – | HEV AWD: a strong O2 candidate |
| Peugeot 2008 1.2 PureTech 130 | FWD | approx. 1200 | approx. 660 | – | B-SUV: O1 and light O2 |
| Renault Captur 1.3 TCe 140-155 | FWD | approx. 1200-1500 | – | approx. 6.6 | Watch your speed/load carefully in light O2 |
| Fiat Egea/Tipo 1.6 Multijet | FWD | approx. 1000-1200 | approx. 800-1000 | – | Budget-friendly, O1-light O2 |
| Toyota Corolla 1.6 Valvematic (used) | FWD | approx. 1300 | approx. 450 | – | Suited to lightweight caravans |
| USED Volkswagen Tiguan 1.4 TSI (2016-2020) | FWD (some 4Motion) | approx. 1800 | approx. 750 | – | Roomy body + high braked rating |
Campexpert Mini-Quiz (8 Questions) – Which Class Is Right for You?
Warning: for your final decision, check the vehicle’s chassis plate for its braked towing, noseweight and GCW limits, along with its registration.
Frequently Asked Questions (Short Answers)
- Is WLTP measured with a caravan attached? No; it’s done without a trailer. Consumption increases while towing.
- Is the “85% rule” a legal requirement? No; it’s a club recommendation. A safety anchor for beginners.
- How is noseweight measured? On flat ground, at hitch height, with a scale; don’t exceed the vehicle’s or caravan’s limit.
- Does 4×4 increase capacity? Not always; it improves confidence on launch and on loose surfaces. Limits are set by type approval.
Note: figures can vary by market/version. Final reference: the vehicle’s owner’s manual, chassis plate and Turkish type approval.
